A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 390
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 113
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 280
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 145
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 223
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 344
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 281
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 288
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 313
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 94
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 107
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 140
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1290
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 33
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 85
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearches is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearches is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | السبق عند ترويج البضائع:
السبق عند ترويج البضائع:
السبق عند ترويج البضائع:
يقوم بعض المنتجين تشجيعاً للمستهلكين بوضع هدايا، أو بطاقات تحمل أرقاماً يجري عليها سحب، أو بطاقات اسمية تحمل أسماء هدايا يمنحها المنتج، وأشكال أخرى متشابهة في الصورة، مفادها: منح المنتجين هدايا وجوائز في مقابل ترويج بضائعهم، فما حكم مثل هذه الهدايا؟
للفقهاء اتجاهات:
القول الأول ([1] : بحرمة مثل هذه التصرفات، قياساً على القمار (المَيْسِر)، فثمن السلعة في وجود السحب يختلف عن ثمنها في عدم وجود السحب؛ فالأول مرتفع ليغطي التاجر نفقات الجوائز؛ فالمشتري إذا ربح في السحب يكون قد ربح هذه الزيادة التي دفعها جميع المشترين، وأما الزبائن الذين لا يفوزون في السحب فإنهم يخسرون هذه الزيادة؛ فالكل متردد بين الغُرْم والغُنْم، وهذا هو القمار.
القول الثاني ([2] : بالنظر إلى الهدية المعطاة للفائز على إثر إجراء السبق؛ فإن كانت الهدية بسيطة ومن عادة التجار وعُرْفِهم فلا بأس بها، أما إن كانت الهدية ذات قيمة كبيرة؛ كسيارة أو ثلاجة فلا يجوز؛ فالهدايا المعتادة تعبر عن تقدير المنتِج لزبائنه، أما إذا كانت الهدايا ذات قيمة كبيرة فعندها يندفع المشتري لشراء هذا المنتَج راغباً بأخذ القسائم التي يمنحها التاجر، ثم إن هذا العمل يُحدث ضرراً اقتصادياً بصغار التُّجار.
القول الثالث ([3] : بالنظر إلى قصد المستهلك المشترك في السبق؛ فإن كان قصده الأساسي هو الشراء، والاشتراك تبع فلا بأس بذلك، أما إن كان قصده الاشتراك للحصول على الجائزة، وليس له غرض في الشراء ولا في السلعة فهو القمار المحظور، وما تدفعه الشركات هو نوع من الجوائز من طرف واحد، ولا يتحمل الطرف الآخر (المستهلك) أية خسارة، واختيار بعض الزبائن بواسطة القرعة لإعطائهم الجائزة لا حرج فيه شرعاً.
إذاً: أخلص من الأقوال الثلاثة إلى تفصيل الأمر بين المنتِج والمستهلك.
أولاً: جهة المنتِج ، فقيمة الهدايا التي يرغب بمنحها إما أن تكون:
من أرباحه الخاصة ؛ فهي هبة صحيحة، وهدية مشروعة، لتتوطد العلاقة التجارية بين المنتِج والمستهلك؛ سواء كانت الهدية داخل البضاعة مباشرة أو عن طريق رقم بطاقة تجري فيها القرعة لاختيار عدد محدود من مجموع الزائن.
بتقليل جودة البضاعة ؛ لسد العجز الحاصل في منح الجوائز؛ فيندرج الأمر ضمن الغش المحرَّم، والتدليس الذي يُدخل الشبهة في المال في أقل تقدير ويُوصل إلى الحرام في أغلب الأحوال.
من أموال المستهلكين ؛ بزيادة سعر البضاعة؛ لتكون هذه الزيادة هي ما يُعطى لبعض الزبائن هدايا؛ فالمسألة هي القمار بعينه.
ثانياً: جهة المستهلك ؛ فطلبه للبضاعة إما أن يكون:
بدافع نوعية البضاعة وجودتها ؛ فالعقد صحيح، وما قد يحصل عليه المستهلك من هدية عينية أو نقدية بإجراء قرعة أو بدونها لا يُؤثِّر على صحة العقد، وتُعد الهديـة في حقه هبة صحيحة وهدية مشروعة.
بدافع النوعية والرغبة في الهدية معاً ؛ فقد اجتمع في العقد قصد شراء بضاعة معلومة مرغوب فيها، وقصد إمكانية الحصول على جائزة بلا بذل جهد فكري أو مجهود عضلي، فهو نوع من المغامرة في المجهول، والأصل في المعاملات البيان؛ لئلا تفضي أية جهالة فيه إلى منازعة، فقد يشكك المستهلك في جدية التاجر بمنحه الهدايا وبخاصة إذا حاول أكثر من مرة ولم يفلح في الحصول على أية جائزة.
بدافع الحصول على الهدية دون قصد البضاعة إلا عَرَضَاً ؛ فالعقد تتضح فيه شبهة الجهالة التي قد تفضي إلى نزاع، والأصل أن كل جهالة قد تؤدي إلى نزاع تُفسد العقد.
ثانياً: جهة الهدية ؛ فنوعية الهدية المبثوثة في البضاعة إما أن يكون:
معلومة ؛ فالعقد صحيح؛ لاشتماله على معلومَين؛ البضاعة والهدية.
أو مجهولة؛ فالعقد فاسد؛ لاشتماله على معلوم ومجهول، وبيع المعلوم أو شراؤه جائز، أما بيع المجهول أو شراؤه فيندرج ضمن العقود الباطلة.
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