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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | المحافظة على الموارد
المحافظة على الموارد
عناوين
((لا يجوز شرعاً هدر أو تعطيل أو تبديد أي مورد اقتصادي وبأي حال من الأحوال)).
((الإفساد في الأرض مادي ومعنوي وكلاهما لا يرضي الله)).
((الحجر الصحي ضرورة شرعية)).
الدكتور علاء الدين محمود زعتري
المحافظة على الموارد الاقتصادية
في العدد الماضي تعرفنا على الموارد الاقتصادية في الآيات القرآنية، ونتابع في هذا العدد مزيداً من التعرف على الموارد الاقتصادية من خلال المحافظة عليها ومن مبادئ الشريعة الإسلامية: أنه لا يجوز بحال من الأحوال هدر الموارد، أو تعطيلها أو تبديدها، وذلك لأن الموارد الاقتصادية تعد من نعم الله تعالى على خلقه، فواجبهم أن يقوموا بشكرها، ومن شكرها المحافظة عليها من التلف أو الخراب أو التلوث أو غير ذلك، مما يعتبر نوعاً من الإفساد في الأرض.
قال الله تعالى: } ولا تُفسدوا في الأرض بعد صلاحها{ ([1] ، وقال عزَّ وجلَّ: } كلوا واشربوا من رزق الله ولا تعثوا في الأرض مفسدين{ ([2] ، وقال سبحانه: } فاذكروا آلاء الله ولا تعثوا في الأرض مفسدين{ ([3] .
والإفساد في الأرض ([4] :
- قد يكون مادياً؛ بتخريب عامرها، أو تلويث طاهرها، أو إهلاك أحيائها، أو إتلاف طيباتها، أو تفويت منفعتها.
- وقد يكون معنوياً؛ بإشاعة الظلم، أو نشر الباطل، أو تقوية الشر، أو تلويث الضمائر، أو تضليل العقول.
وكلا الإفسادين المادي والمعنوي شر يبغضه الله تعالى، ولا يحب أهله، قال تعالى: } والله لا يحب الفساد{ ([5] وقال: } والله لا يحب المفسدين{ ([6] .
وأكَّدت السنةُ النبوية الأمرَ بالمحافظة على الموارد بأساليب شتى من الترغيب والترهيب.
ففي الحديث يقول رسول الله e : “ مَن قتل عصفوراً عبثاً عجّ إلى الله يوم القيامة، يقول: يا رب، إنَّ فلاناً قتلني عبثاً ولم يقتلني منفعة ” ([7] .
ويقول رسول الله e : “ مَن قطع سِدْرَة([8] صوَّب الله رأسه في النار”([9] ، قال أبو داود: يعني مَن قطع سِدْرَة في فلاة، يستظل بها ابن السبيل والبهائم، عبثاً وظلماً، بغير حق يكون له فيها، صوّب الله رأسه في النار.
ومن التوجيهات النبوية في المحافظة الموارد الاقتصادية: الحفاظ على الحيوانات من العدوى، قال رسول الله e: “لا يوردنَّ مُمرض على مُصِح”([10] والممرض: صاحب الإبل المريضة بداء الجَرَب، والمصح: صاحب الإبل الصحيحة السليمة، فتجب المحافظة على الثروة الحيوانية، باعتبارها مالاً نامياً.
ومن المحافظة على الثروة الحيوانية النامية: التوجيه النبوي لمضيفه الأنصاري الذي أراد إكرامه بذبح شاه: “إياك والحلوب”([11] . فالحلوب يُنْتَفَعُ بلبنها كثروة مستمرة، أما بالذبح فتكون المنفعة آنيّة.
ومن التوجيهات النبوية في المحافظة على الموارد: الانتفاع بجلد الميتة، “فقد رأى رسول الله e شاة ميتة، فقال: لِمَن هذه الشاة ؟ قالوا: إنها شاة لمولاة ميمونة - أم المؤمنين - قال: هلا انتفعتم بجلدها ؟ قالوا: إنها ميتة، قال: إنما حُرِّم أكلها”([12] .
ومن التوجيهات النبوية في المحافظة على الموارد: الاهتمام بالطعام وعدم ترك بقايا ترمى مع الأوساخ، وإلى هذا أشار رسول الله e بقوله: “إذا سقطت لقمة أحدكم، فليأخذها، وليُمِط عنها الأذى، وليأكلها ولا يدعها للشيطان”([13] ، وقال أنس بن مالك: أمرنا أن نسلت القصعة. أي نتتبع ما فيها من بقايا الطعام باللعق أو المسح، بحيث لا تُترك فيها فضلات.
فأين هذا مما نراه اليوم، وصناديق القمامة تمتلئ بفضلات الطعام، من اللحم والأرز والخبز وغيرها، مما يتمنى كثير من المسلمين في العالم لو أصابوا شيئاً منه([14] .
ومن أعظم الموارد التي عُنِي الإسلام بالمحافظة عليها، وحثّ على تنميتها، والاستفادة من خيراتها: الأرض الزراعية.
ومن أفضل الأعمال للاستفادة من الأرض، استصلاح الأرض البور، لما في ذلك من توسيع الرقعة الزراعية وزيادة مصادر الإنتاج، وتحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية الشاملة.
يَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ e:" مَنْ أَحْيَا أَرْضًا مَيْتَةً لَهُ بِهَا أَجْرٌ وَمَا أَكَلَتْ مِنْهُ الْعَافِيَةُ([15] ) فَلَهُ بِهِ أَجْرٌ"([16] ) . وإحياء الأرض: جعلها صالحة للانتفاع، وفي الحديث عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ e:"مَنْ عَمَرَ أَرْضًا لَيْسَتْ لِأَحَدٍ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا"([17] ) . وعَنْ سَمُرَةَ بِنِ جُنْدُبٍ عَنْ النَّبِيِّ e:"قَالَ مَنْ أَحَاطَ حَائِطًا عَلَى أَرْضٍ فَهِيَ لَهُ"([18] ) .
وكان من سياسة النبي e وخلفائه الراشدين: الإقطاع من هذه الأراضي البور لبعض الرجال الذين أدّوا خدمات ممتازة للدولة الإسلامية، فهي مكافأة لهم من جهة، وتشجيع على استصلاحها وعمرانها من جهة أخرى.
ولم يُترك الأمر كذلك بدون متابعة، بل إن مَن قُطع له من هذه الأرض مساحة معينة، ثم تركها بغير أن يعمرها ويصلحها كان لولي الأمر أن ينتزعها منه، ويعطيها لغيره ممن يقوم بإحيائها.
وقد روى أبو عبيد في كتابه الأموال عن بلال بن الحارث المزني: (أن النبي e أقطعه العقيق - أرضاً بالمدينة - فلما كان زمان عمر، قال لبلال : إن رسول الله e لم يُقطعك لتحتجزه عن الناس، وإنما أَقْطَعَك لتعمل، فخذ منها ما قدرت على عمارته، ورُدّ الباقي).
([15]) السباع والطيور التي تقع على الجِيَف.
([16]) رواه البخاري وأبو داود والإمام أحمد والإمام مالك والدارمي.
([17]) رواه الإمام أحمد.
([18]) رواه أبو داود والإمام أحمد.
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