A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 390
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 113
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 280
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 145
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 223
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 344
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 281
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 288
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 313
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 94
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 107
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 140
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1290
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 33
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 85
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearches is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 9
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 10
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearches is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | الفرق بين الزكاة والصدقة والحق المعلوم
الفرق بين الزكاة والصدقة والحق المعلوم
الفرق بين الزكاة والصدقة والحق المعلوم
ما الفرق بين الزكاة وبين الصدقات وبين قوله تعالى: {وفي أموالهم حقً معلوم لسائل والمحروم}؟
ماهي نقاط الفرق بين هذه المصطلحات
الزكاة والصدقة والحق المعلوم
أولاً: الزكاة
الزكاة في الشرع تطلق على المقدار وعلى الحصة المقدرة من المال التي فرضها الله للمستحقين
أستعمل القرآن لفظ الزكاة في معناها الفقهي أنها حصة منذ أوائل العهد المكي أي أنه من أول نزول القرآن ذكر القرآن الزكاة وليس بعد الهجرة كما ذكر ذالك في سورة الأعراف الآية 156
وفي سورة مريم آيتين 31/55 وفي سورة الأنبياء الآية 72
وفي سورة المؤمنون الآية الرابعة وفي سورة النمل الآية الثالثة وفي سورة الروم الآية 39 وفي سورة لقمان الآية الثالثة وسورة فصلت الآية السابعة هذه السور والآيات نزلت في مكة المكرمة
وقد ذكر القرآن الكريم في هذه الآيات موضوع الزكاة
مفهوم الصدقة
الصدقة الشرعية هي الزكاة أي قد تسمى في لغة القرآن الصدقة أو في أحاديث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الصدقة
أذاً لفظ الزكاة واضح بأنه صدقة وأنه حصة من المال يعطى للمستحقين ويمكن أن يستخدم لفظ الصدقة لتعبير عن مفهوم الزكاة
کقوله تعالى في سورة التوبة الآية 103
( خذ من أموالهم صدقة تزكيهم) والتتفاق على أن كلمة الصدقة في هذه الآية تعني الزكاة
المشروعة والحصة المقدرة التي سبق وتكلمنا فيها
وقال الله تعالى (ومنهم من يلمزك في الصدقات
/أي في الزكاة/ فإن أعطوا منها رضو وأن لم يعطوا منها أذا هم يسخطون) في الجباية خذ من أموالهم صدقة وفي العطاء وإيصال الحق للمستحقين قال الله تعالى في سورة التوبة الآية 60
(إنما الصدقات للفقراء والمساكين والعاملين عليها والمؤلفة قلوبهم والغارمين وفي الرقاب )
أذاً كلمة الصدقة تشبه كلمة الزكاة في هذه الآية التي ذكرناها
وقد قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم
ليس فيما خمسة أوثقً صدقة وليس فيما خمسة ذودً صدقة وليس فيما خمسة أواقً صدقة
هنا يبين رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الإعفاء الضريبي الحد الأدنى التي لا تدفع فيه الزكاة فيقول عنها صدقة ويقصد الزكاة المشروعة
في الحديث المشهور حين أرسل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سيدنا معاذ ابن جبل إلى اليمن
قال: "أعلمهم أن الله أفترض عليهم في أموالهم صدقة/ أي زكاة/ تؤخذ من أغنيائهم وترد على فقرائهم
وهنا تطابق بين مفهوم الزكاة وبين مفهوم الصدقة ويعني كل ذلك الحصة المقدرة شرعاً والمفترض لأدائها للمستحقين
بيد أن العرف قد ظلم كلمة الصدقة وأصبحت عنواناً على التطور على الأمر الغير مفروض على ما تجود به النفس على مثل المتسولين والمتجولين حين يعطوهم إيها ويقولون عنها صدقة وأما الزكاة فيكون قد جهز أموالاً بقيمة أكثر ليعطيها للفقراء المستحقين
نقول هذا العرف الذي يجري عليه الناس
فإذا أردنا أن ندرس المسألة علمياً لتفريق والتمييز بين مفهوم الزكاة وبين الصدقة نجد بأن كلمة الزكاة المعرفة وردت في القرآن الكريم ثلاثين مرة ووردت منكرةً في آيتين بغير معناها غير الزكاة المفترضة
كقوله تعالى {خيراً منه زكاةً} أي خيراً من الزكاء والخير وأيضاً وردت في قصة موسى والرجل الصالح حين وجدا غلاماً فقتله قال {فأردنا أن يبدلهما ربهما خيراً منه زكاة وأقرب رحما}
الآية الثانية {وحناناً من لدنا وزكاة} أي وطهراً أذاً مفهوم التنكير لكلمة الزكاة جاءت بمعنى الطهارة
بينما الزكاة المعرفة بأل التعريف جاءت بمعنى الحصة المقدرة من المال الذي يعطى للمستحقين
كلمة الزكاة قرنت مع كلمة الصلاة في سبعة وعشرين مرة في القرآن الكريم وفي مرة وحيدة ذكرت في سياق واحد مع الصلاة وأن لم تكن في الآية ذاتها وإنما في الآية التي تليها
كقوله تعالى (والذين هم لزكاة فاعلون) وهو يصف المؤمنين بعد قوله تعالى
{الذين هم في صلاتهم خاشعون} ثم بعد آيتين قال والذين هم لزكاة فاعلون
أما كلمة الصدقة والصدقات فقد وردت في القرآن أثني عشر مرة
الزكاة -الصدقة- الحق المعلوم لسائل والمحروم والمسكين وابن السبيل في سورة الذاريات ذكر الله عز وجل المتقين الذين أستحقو عنده الجنات والنعيم فكان من أبرز أوصافهم
(وفي أموالهم حقً معلوم لسائل والمحروم)
السائل هو الذي يبتدأ بالسؤال وله حق
والمحروم من لا مال له ولا كسب ولا حرفة يتقوت منها فقد أدرك هؤلاء المتقون أن أموالهم ليست ملكاً لهم يستأثرون بها أن هذا المال كما قال قارون أن هذا المال إنما أوتيته على علماً عندي أن هذا المال ملك لله تبارك وتعالى جعله الله بين يديك من أجل أن تستفيد منه وتنفع به الآخرين وفيه جزء لغيرك من المحتاجين ليس هبة من المتقين للمحتاجين ولا تفضلاً من المالكين على المحرومين بل هو الحق للمحرومين والواجب على المالكين أذاً لا هوان به على الآخذ ولا منة فيه على الدافع
الحق المعلوم كما قال العلماء بأنه الزكاة والمال المقدر في أموال الأغنياء والصدقة بلفظ القرآن الكريم هي عين الزكاة وليست فائض أو سنة أو تطوع بل الصدقة والزكاة كلمتان لمعنى واحد
الزكاة هي التي قد قدرها الله من مال المزكي وهي نسبة مئوية اثنان ونصف بالمئة أما الحق المعلوم فقد فرضه المؤمنون على أنفسهم أي ماعدا نسبة الزكاة الأثنان والنصف من المئة قد افترضوا على أنفسهم صدقة من أموالهم لصالح الفقراء.
وفي سورة الأسراء والروم
يقول الله تعالى:
{وآتِ ذا القربى حقه والمسكين وابن السبيل ولا تبذر تبذيرا}، وفي سورة الروم قال: (فآتِ ذا القربى حقه والمسكين وابن السبيل ذلك خير للذين يريدون وجه الله)
هذه الآيات غرس الله في روح المؤمن أن للقريب والمحتاج حقه المحتوم في ماله ويجب عليه أدائه وجوباً وليس مجرد تطوع يدفعها أن شاء أو يتركها متى شاء.
عدد القراء : 1439