A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 390

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 113

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 280

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 145

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 223

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 303

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 344

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 281

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 288

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 303

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 313

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 94

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 107

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 140

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1290

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 33

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 0

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 85

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 0

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearches is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MSettings is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 10
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearches is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 3
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MSpeechesCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 7
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MFatawaCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MBooksCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 15
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MPublicationsCategories is deprecated

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رسالة الموقع
أول أيام شهر رمضان للعام 1442 هجري، هو يوم الثلاثاء الواقع فث 13/ 4/ 2021 ميلادي. تقبل الله منا و

الفرق بين الزكاة والصدقة والحق المعلوم

الفرق بين الزكاة والصدقة والحق المعلوم

ما الفرق بين الزكاة وبين الصدقات وبين قوله تعالى: {وفي أموالهم حقً معلوم لسائل والمحروم}؟

ماهي نقاط الفرق بين هذه المصطلحات

الزكاة والصدقة والحق المعلوم

أولاً: الزكاة

الزكاة في الشرع تطلق على المقدار وعلى الحصة المقدرة من المال التي فرضها الله للمستحقين

أستعمل القرآن لفظ الزكاة في معناها الفقهي أنها حصة منذ أوائل العهد المكي أي أنه من أول نزول القرآن ذكر القرآن الزكاة وليس بعد الهجرة كما ذكر ذالك في سورة الأعراف الآية 156

وفي سورة مريم آيتين 31/55 وفي سورة الأنبياء الآية 72

وفي سورة المؤمنون الآية الرابعة وفي سورة النمل الآية الثالثة وفي سورة الروم الآية 39 وفي سورة لقمان الآية الثالثة وسورة فصلت الآية السابعة هذه السور والآيات نزلت في مكة المكرمة

وقد ذكر القرآن الكريم في هذه الآيات موضوع الزكاة


مفهوم الصدقة

الصدقة الشرعية هي الزكاة أي قد تسمى في لغة القرآن الصدقة أو في أحاديث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الصدقة

أذاً لفظ الزكاة واضح بأنه صدقة وأنه حصة من المال يعطى للمستحقين ويمكن أن يستخدم لفظ الصدقة لتعبير عن مفهوم الزكاة

کقوله تعالى في سورة التوبة الآية 103

( خذ من أموالهم صدقة تزكيهم) والتتفاق على أن كلمة الصدقة في هذه الآية تعني الزكاة

المشروعة والحصة المقدرة التي سبق وتكلمنا فيها

وقال الله تعالى (ومنهم من يلمزك في الصدقات

/أي في الزكاة/ فإن أعطوا منها رضو وأن لم يعطوا منها أذا هم يسخطون) في الجباية خذ من أموالهم صدقة وفي العطاء وإيصال الحق للمستحقين قال الله تعالى في سورة التوبة الآية 60

(إنما الصدقات للفقراء والمساكين والعاملين عليها والمؤلفة قلوبهم والغارمين وفي الرقاب )

أذاً كلمة الصدقة تشبه كلمة الزكاة في هذه الآية التي ذكرناها

وقد قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم

ليس فيما خمسة أوثقً صدقة وليس فيما خمسة ذودً صدقة وليس فيما خمسة أواقً صدقة

هنا يبين رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم الإعفاء الضريبي الحد الأدنى التي لا تدفع فيه الزكاة فيقول عنها صدقة ويقصد الزكاة المشروعة

في الحديث المشهور حين أرسل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم سيدنا معاذ ابن جبل إلى اليمن

قال: "أعلمهم أن الله أفترض عليهم في أموالهم صدقة/ أي زكاة/ تؤخذ من أغنيائهم وترد على فقرائهم

وهنا تطابق بين مفهوم الزكاة وبين مفهوم الصدقة ويعني كل ذلك الحصة المقدرة شرعاً والمفترض لأدائها للمستحقين

بيد أن العرف قد ظلم كلمة الصدقة وأصبحت عنواناً على التطور على الأمر الغير مفروض على ما تجود به النفس على مثل المتسولين والمتجولين حين يعطوهم إيها ويقولون عنها صدقة وأما الزكاة فيكون قد جهز أموالاً بقيمة أكثر ليعطيها للفقراء المستحقين

نقول هذا العرف الذي يجري عليه الناس

فإذا أردنا أن ندرس المسألة علمياً لتفريق والتمييز بين مفهوم الزكاة وبين الصدقة نجد بأن كلمة الزكاة المعرفة وردت في القرآن الكريم ثلاثين مرة ووردت منكرةً في آيتين بغير معناها غير الزكاة المفترضة

كقوله تعالى {خيراً منه زكاةً} أي خيراً من الزكاء والخير وأيضاً وردت في قصة موسى والرجل الصالح حين وجدا غلاماً فقتله قال {فأردنا أن يبدلهما ربهما خيراً منه زكاة وأقرب رحما}

الآية الثانية {وحناناً من لدنا وزكاة} أي وطهراً أذاً مفهوم التنكير لكلمة الزكاة جاءت بمعنى الطهارة

بينما الزكاة المعرفة بأل التعريف جاءت بمعنى الحصة المقدرة من المال الذي يعطى للمستحقين

كلمة الزكاة قرنت مع كلمة الصلاة في سبعة وعشرين مرة في القرآن الكريم وفي مرة وحيدة ذكرت في سياق واحد مع الصلاة وأن لم تكن في الآية ذاتها وإنما في الآية التي تليها

كقوله تعالى (والذين هم لزكاة فاعلون) وهو يصف المؤمنين بعد قوله تعالى

{الذين هم في صلاتهم خاشعون} ثم بعد آيتين قال والذين هم لزكاة فاعلون

أما كلمة الصدقة والصدقات فقد وردت في القرآن أثني عشر مرة

الزكاة -الصدقة- الحق المعلوم لسائل والمحروم والمسكين وابن السبيل في سورة الذاريات ذكر الله عز وجل المتقين الذين أستحقو عنده الجنات والنعيم فكان من أبرز أوصافهم

(وفي أموالهم حقً معلوم لسائل والمحروم)

السائل هو الذي يبتدأ بالسؤال وله حق

والمحروم من لا مال له ولا كسب ولا حرفة يتقوت منها فقد أدرك هؤلاء المتقون أن أموالهم ليست ملكاً لهم يستأثرون بها أن هذا المال كما قال قارون أن هذا المال إنما أوتيته على علماً عندي أن هذا المال ملك لله تبارك وتعالى جعله الله بين يديك من أجل أن تستفيد منه وتنفع به الآخرين وفيه جزء لغيرك من المحتاجين ليس هبة من المتقين للمحتاجين ولا تفضلاً من المالكين على المحرومين بل هو الحق للمحرومين والواجب على المالكين أذاً لا هوان به على الآخذ ولا منة فيه على الدافع

الحق المعلوم كما قال العلماء بأنه الزكاة والمال المقدر في أموال الأغنياء والصدقة بلفظ القرآن الكريم هي عين الزكاة وليست فائض أو سنة أو تطوع بل الصدقة والزكاة كلمتان لمعنى واحد

الزكاة هي التي قد قدرها الله من مال المزكي وهي نسبة مئوية اثنان ونصف بالمئة أما الحق المعلوم فقد فرضه المؤمنون على أنفسهم أي ماعدا نسبة الزكاة الأثنان والنصف من المئة قد افترضوا على أنفسهم صدقة من أموالهم لصالح الفقراء.

وفي سورة الأسراء والروم

يقول الله تعالى:

{وآتِ ذا القربى حقه والمسكين وابن السبيل ولا تبذر تبذيرا}، وفي سورة الروم قال: (فآتِ ذا القربى حقه والمسكين وابن السبيل ذلك خير للذين يريدون وجه الله)

هذه الآيات غرس الله في روح المؤمن أن للقريب والمحتاج حقه المحتوم في ماله ويجب عليه أدائه وجوباً وليس مجرد تطوع يدفعها أن شاء أو يتركها متى شاء.

 

 

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