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Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MResearches.php
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearches is deprecated
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MSettings is deprecated
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Filename: core/Loader.php
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Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
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Line Number: 925
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearches is deprecated
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | التمويل بين البنوك الربوية والمصارف الإسلامية
التمويل بين البنوك الربوية والمصارف الإسلامية
التمويل بين البنوك الربوية والمصارف الإسلامية
لما كان التمويل شكلا من أشكال التعامل الذي تأخذ به البنوك التجارية والمصارف الإسلامية على حد سواء كان لا بد من الإشارة إلى بعض أوجه التشابه وأوجه الاختلاف بينهما دفعًا لما يمكن أن يتوهمه البعض من أنه لا فرق بين التمويل في هذه وتلك.
_ أما أوجه التشابه بينهما فتنحصر في الوجوه التالية :
١- الصورة التي يتم بها التمويل حيث يكون المال من جانب والطرف العامل من جانب آخر، وهذا ما يحدث في التمويل الربوي أو التمويل القيمي على حد سواء.
٢- الغاية المنشودة من هذا التمويل وهي الحصول على أرباح وعوائد عن طريق طرف آخر.
٣- الطريقة التي يتم بها إدارة هذه الأموال واستثمارها، حيث غالبًا ما ينحصر القرار الإداري في الطرف العامل، ويكون المال من الطرف الممول، ويمكن في هذه الحالة أن يقيد العامل بنوع أو طبيعة الاستثمار المطلوب، وينص على ذلك في العقد صراحة.
_ وأما أوجه الاختلاف فيمكن تلخيصها في النقاط التالية :
١- إن التمويل القيمي غالبًا ما يساعد على توسيع قاعدة المشاركة في ملكية المشاريع بحيث تتاح الفرصة لعدد غير قليل من صغار الممولين الاشتراك في أسهم الشركات والقطاعات الإنتاجية المختلفة، على العكس مما هو معروف في التمويل الربوي الذي يؤدي إلى تضييق قاعدة المشاركة وحصر ملكية المشاريع بفئة قليلة من أصحاب رؤوس الأموال.
٢- يساهم التمويل القيمي إلى حد كبير في تحقيق التوزيع العادل وإيجاد التوازن الذي يحول دون تكدس الثروات بأيدي المرابين أو كبار التجار من أصحاب رؤوس الأموال كما هو الشأن في النظام الربوي.
٣- يعمل التمويل القيمي على تقليص الإقراض الاستهلاكي غير المنتج والذي غالبًا ما يكون عبئًا على الاقتصاد الوطني نظرًا لاستهلاك رأس المال ومطالبة البنوك الربوية للمقترض بسداد القرض والفوائد معًا مما يجعل المستهلك عاملاً يكدح ليل نهار لسداد ما يترتب عليه من أقساط من رأس المال مضافًا إليها الفوائد، وهو أمر يشجع على التكاسل وعدم الإخلاص في العمل نظرًا لما ينتاب العامل من الإحباط والنظرة السوداوية الموصلة إلى اليأس.
ولذلك حصرت الشريعة الإسلامية التمويل في الجوانب الاستثمارية ذات المردود النفعي على صاحب رأس المال والعامل والمجتمع.
٤- يستمر ملك رأس المال في التمويل الإسلامي للمالك، بينما تنتقل الملكية له في التمويل الربوي إلى الطرف الآخر.
٥- يتحمل رب المال في التمويل الإسلامي الخسارة حالة عدم وجود تقصير أو إهمال من العامل، بينما لا يتحمل رب المال في التمويل الربوي أي خسارة.
٦- ترتبط الزيادة التي يحصل عليها كل من رب المال والعامل في التمويل القيمي بمقدار الربح المتحقق من الاستثمار المشترك بين الطرفين ووفق النسب المتفق عليها، بينما في التمويل الربوي لا علاقة للمول بالربح والخسارة وقد لا تقف الفائدة على نسبة معينة، بل تختلف في العقد الواحد بين شهر وآخر، في حين لا يمكن أن تزيد في التمويل القيمي عن الحد المتفق عليه في كل عقد على حده.
٧- يتم التمويل القيمي عن طريق النقود وعن طريق الأصول الثابتة، بينما لا يقع التمويل في البنوك الربوية إلا عن طريق النقود فقط. وهذا يظهر شمولية التمويل القيمي وضرورة تأثير العمل في الناتج بخلاف التمويل الربوي الذي لا يعير العمل أي أثر لكونه يعتمد على الفائدة دون ما يتحقق من أرباح أو خسائر، وبذلك تكون المخاطرة في التمويل القيمي جزءًا من العقد لا يمكن أن يعترف به التمويل الربوي.
عدد القراء : 1425
