A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 390

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 113

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 280

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 145

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 223

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 303

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 344

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 281

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 288

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 303

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 313

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 94

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 107

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 140

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1290

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 33

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 0

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 85

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: models/MResearches.php

Line Number: 0

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearches is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 8
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 9
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MSettings is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 10
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearches is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MResearchesCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 925

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

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A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 3
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MSpeechesCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 7
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MFatawaCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 11
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MBooksCategories is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 353

Backtrace:

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/header_section.php
Line: 15
Function: model

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/views/master.php
Line: 8
Function: include_once

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Researches.php
Line: 78
Function: view

File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

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Message: Creation of dynamic property Researches::$MPublicationsCategories is deprecated

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رسالة الموقع
أول أيام شهر رمضان للعام 1442 هجري، هو يوم الثلاثاء الواقع فث 13/ 4/ 2021 ميلادي. تقبل الله منا و

الاستثمارات الأجنبية في العالم العربي

 

في قضية تبادل المنافع الدنيوية يبحث الإنسان عن أفضل الأجواء لتعزيز وجود استثماراته، وهذه أمر فطري، وبالتالي فإن المنافسة تبقى قائمة بين الأفراد والمجتمعات والدول لتقديم المناخات المناسبة والجاذبة لأكبر قدر ممكن من الاستثمارات.

ومع أن من أهم محاور العولمة ومقاصدها: حرية انتقال رؤوس الأموال، وتدفق رؤوس الأموال الأجنبية إلى مناطق الدول النامية ومنها العالم الإسلامي والعربي، إلا أن هذا لا يمنع من الاستفادة من الجانب المهم من جوانب العولمة.

فالمنطقة العربية في حاجة ماسة لزيادة الاستثمارات الأجنبية، كما تشير التقارير الاقتصادية، ومنها تقرير للجنة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لغرب آسيا (اسكوا)، الذي جاء فيه أنه في عام 2002م اجتذب العالم العربي 0.7 في المئة فقط من الاستثمارات الأجنبية العالمية المباشرة، وأوصى التقرير الدول العربية بتشجيع السياسات الجاذبة للمستثمرين([1]).

وللاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر في العالم العربي تاريخ طويل، ولكنه يتأثر بالظروف السياسية والاقتصادية، ويوضح تقرير حديث صادر عن منظمة الأمم المتحدة أن الاختيارات السياسية المتبعة من قبل الدول العربية تحول دون جذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية.

وبلغة الأرقام: فإن مجموع الاستثمارات الموظفة في العالم العربي لا تتجاوز سنوياً ملياري دولار كمعدل عام، ومرشح للانخفاض مع التقلبات المستمرة التي تعرفها المنطقة([2]).

وتشير إحصاءات مؤتمر الأمم المتحدة للتجارة والتنمية – أونكتاد – إلى أن حصة دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي من تدفقات الاستثمارات الأجنبية المباشرة عالمياً لا يتجاوز (1%) واحد بالمئة، ولم تتجاوز نسبة مساهمة هذه الاستثمارات في الناتج الإجمالي المحلي لدول شمال أفريقيا والشرق الأوسط نسبة 2.7%  خلال عام 2000م حسب إحصاءات البنك الدولي([3]).

وفي منتدى دافوس الذي عقد في دبي بالإمارات العربية المتحدة في 7/ 5/ 2003م أعلن بأن إجمالي الاستثمارات الأجنبية التي تدفقت إلى العالم النامي خلال عام 2001ف بلغت 204 مليار دولار كانت حصة البلاد العربية منها لا تتجاوز 2.8 مليار دولار، أي ما نسبته 1.37%([4]).

موقع الاستثمار الأجنبي:

من المعلوم أن الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر يتدفق بصورة رئيسية إلى الصناعات التحويلية والتجهيزية، ويتركز في بلدان محدودة، تبعاً لحجم اقتصاداتها، وجاذبيتها للاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر، ولقد كانت الجاذبية في الماضي وثيقة الصلة بامتلاك موارد طبيعية أو سوق محلية كبيرة، ولكن مع التحول نحو عولمة الإنتاج والتجارة أصبحت القدرة على المنافسة كموقع للاستثمار والتصدير العامل الرئيسي المحدد لتوافر الجاذبية.

مزايا الاستثمارات الأجنبية في العالم العربي:

تحقق الاستثمارات الأجنبية تحولات حقيقة في مسارات التنمية الصناعية.

كما تعمل على توفير فرص عمل.

وتستخدم التطور التكنولوجي وسيلة لذلك؛ مما ينشط الدول التي تقام فيها هذه الاستثمارات.

معوقات الاستثمارات الأجنبية في العالم العربي:

تؤكد الدراسات الحديثة على ستة عوامل تحد من تدفق الاستثمارات الأجنبية في العالم العربي وتشمل الآتي:

  • النـزاعات السياسية وعدم الاستقرار الإقليمي.
  • ضعف التخطيط الاقتصادي، وغياب التنبؤ بظروف الاقتصاديات الكلية وخيارات السياسة العامة.
  • ضعف المؤسسات الاقتصادية، وكثرة العوائق الإدارية.
  • عدم اكتمال البنى التحتية الأساسية.
  • القطاع المالي غير مكتمل النمو.
  • القوى العاملة غير مدربة وغير مرنة.

المطلوب من رؤوس الأموال الوافدة:

نريد من الاستثمارات الأجنبية الوافدة على المنطقة أن تكون على مستوى التعاون المشترك المثمر؛ من حيث التخصص وتقسيم العمل، بطريقة الشركاء الأقوياء، وليس بطريقة الاستعباد والهيمنة والسيطرة، ونهب الخيرات، وهذه واقعة على مسؤولية مَن يسهل لتدفق هذه الاستثمارات.

ومن الناحية العملية يتطلب اجتذاب رؤوس الأموال الأجنبية تطبيق برامج واسعة النطاق للإصلاح الاقتصادي تستهدف: زرع الثقة في المناخ الاستثمار المحلي للمحافظة على رؤوس الأموال المحلية، بدل هجرتها؛ مما يعزز الجاذبية بالنسبة للمستثمرين الأجانب.

وتعتمد هذه البرامج على ثلاثة محاور رئيسية.

  • إجراء تغييرات في السياسات والتشريعات الاقتصادية لجعلها أكثر مرونة وجاذبية وخاصة منها ما يتعلق بالمستثمرين الأجانب، مثل: تثبيت التحول من الاقتصاد الموجه إلي اقتصاد السوق، وتشجيع القطاع الخاص للمشاركة بقوة في حركة الاقتصاد الوطني، وتحرير سعر الصرف والبدء في إعادة هيكلة النظام المالي والضريبي والجمركي.
  • إيجاد حوافز جديدة، أو تطوير الحوافز القائمة لتتناسب مع احتياجات ومتطلبات المستثمرين الأجانب.
  • تنفيذ حملات ترويجية للتعريف بمزايا وجاذبية الاستثمار في الدولة المهتمة باستضافة الاستثمارات الأجنبية.

ومن السياسات المقترحة:

تشجيع الابتكار والعمل على جذب الاستثمارات اللازمة للبحث والتطوير وإقامة المشروعات في القطاعات الخدمية والإنتاجية ذات القيمة المضافة العالية‏,‏ وتوفير الحماية الكافية لحقوق الملكية الفكرية.

شروط نجاح الاستثمار الأجنبي:

1- لا بد أن تتوفر للمشروع الاستثماري إدارة مكونة من عناصر يتمتعون بالكفاءة الفنية والخبرة الإدارية والقدرة على رسم السياسات والخطط والبرامج المناسبة للمشروع.

2- على المستثمر صاحب المشروع إعداد دراسة جدوى جيدة من إعداد خبراء متخصصون أو بيوت خبرة على علم ومعرفة جيدة بظروف البيئة والموقع الذي سيقام عليه المشروع الاستثماري.

3- على المستثمر التركيز على ضمان جودة إنتاج مشروعه الاستثماري وإمكانية تسويقه وقدرته على المنافسة محلياً وخارجياً.

4- التزام المستثمر بجلب التقنيات المتطورة التي تساعد على تحسين جودة المنتج.

5- التزام المستثمر بتوفير إمكانية التدريب والتكوين المهني للعاملين الوطنيين.

وفي الختام أؤكد على أن الاستثمار الأجنبي لا يعد بديلاً للاستثمار الوطني المحلي والعربي؛ ومن هنا فإن معظم الدول تعتبره عنصراً مكملاً وعاملاً مساعداً على دفع حركة التنمية الاقتصادية الوطنية وليس من أسس البناء الاقتصادي.

 

 

([1]) صحيفة الوطن الكويتية، 6/5/2004.

([2]) شبكة النبأ المعلوماتية - الأثنين 3/11/2003 - 8/ رمضان/1424م.

([3])  محمد العبار مدير عام دائرة التنمية الاقتصادية في دبي يدعو إلى سن قوانين لاستقطاب رؤوس الأموال الأجنبية، موقع دبي فوتو ميديا، 5/5/2004م، وكلمة السيد الحبيب بولعراس، أمين عام اتحاد المغرب العربي في الملتقى الاقتصادي العربي الإفريقي الأول حول "الاستثمار في إفريقيا"، ابلس21-24/09/2002م.

 

([4])  نشرة التجارة والتنمية، جمة سعيد جمعة، 29/5/2004م.

 

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