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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Fatawa::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MFatawa.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MFatawa.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MFatawa.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MFatawa.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Fatawa::$MFatawa is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Fatawa::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MFatawa is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MFatawaCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Fatawa.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | تفضيل الذكور دون الإناث في العطية
رقم الفتوى : 95
عنوان الفتوى : تفضيل الذكور دون الإناث في العطية
السؤال :
السُّؤَالُ
كان لجدتي قطعة أرض تقدر بحوالي 1 دونم وقبل وفاتها بأكثر من 20 عاماً قامت بتسجيل ملكية الأرض في دائرة المالية باسم أبنائها الأربعة دون بناتها، وبعد موتها تبين الأمر بأن مالكي الأرض الإخوة الأربعة دون الأخوات، وجاء وقت تقسيم التركة والتي تقدر بحوالي 100 دونم، فما رأي الشرع:
1- هل ما فعلته الجدة يجوز شرعاً؟
2- هل هناك كفارة لما فعلته إن لم يكن شرعياً؟
3- هل هذه القطعة المملوكة للإخوة قانوناً حرام امتلاكها شرعاً؟
4- هل يجب تقسيم القطعة على جميع الورثة الشرعيين مع الإخوة، أفيدونا ما العمل؟]ـ
الفتوى :
تفضيل الذكور دون الإناث في العطية
السُّؤَالُ
كان لجدتي قطعة أرض تقدر بحوالي 1 دونم وقبل وفاتها بأكثر من 20 عاماً قامت بتسجيل ملكية الأرض في دائرة المالية باسم أبنائها الأربعة دون بناتها، وبعد موتها تبين الأمر بأن مالكي الأرض الإخوة الأربعة دون الأخوات، وجاء وقت تقسيم التركة والتي تقدر بحوالي 100 دونم، فما رأي الشرع:
1- هل ما فعلته الجدة يجوز شرعاً؟
2- هل هناك كفارة لما فعلته إن لم يكن شرعياً؟
3- هل هذه القطعة المملوكة للإخوة قانوناً حرام امتلاكها شرعاً؟
4- هل يجب تقسيم القطعة على جميع الورثة الشرعيين مع الإخوة، أفيدونا ما العمل؟]ـ
الفَتْوَى
إن كانت الأم قامت بتسجيل الأرض للأبناء بهبة مستوفية الشروط، بأن حاز الأبناء الأرض في حياة الأم حيازة معتبرة شرعاً، وهي التي ترفع فيها الأم يدها عن الأرض ويتولى الأبناء التصرف الكامل فيها، وكان ذلك في حال تمضي فيها تصرفات الأم وهي حال تمام العقل والرشد، فإن إمضاء ذلك محل خلاف بين أهل العلم فمذهب الجمهور هو أنه يمضي مع كراهة تفضيل بعض الأبناء على بعض، وتشتد الكراهة عند هؤلاء إذا كان المفضل في العطية الذكور دون الإناث، لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: سووا بين أولادكم في العطية، فلو كنت مفضلاً أحدا لفضلت النساء. رواه البيهقي وغيره.
وذهب بعض أهل العلم إلى أنه يرد ولا يمضي وهو الذي رجحه المحققون لحديث النعمان المشهور، وهو الذي نفتي به نحن في الشبكة الإسلامية لقوة دليله، أما إذا كانت قامت بذلك كوصية منها لهم بعد موتها فإنه لا يصح ولا يمضي بل يرد حتى يقسم على جميع الورثة إلا إذا تنازل بقية الورثة عن حقهم بطيب نفس منهم وكانوا رشداء بالغين لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: لا وصية لوارث. رواه أصحاب السنن.
فالحاصل أن ما فعلته هذه المرأة من تفضيل بعض الأبناء في العطية أو الوصية لهم لا يجوز لنهي الشرع عن ذلك، وعلى أبنائها جميعاً أن يدعو لها ويتصدقوا عنها ويسامحوها فيما حصل منها، وعلى الأبناء الذين خصتهم أمهم أن يردوا ما خصتهم به ويقسموه بين الورثة على ما جاء في كتاب الله تعالى وسنة نبيه صلى الله عليه وسلم.
وليعلموا أن استبداد الأبناء الذكور بالتركة دون البنات من عادات أهل الجاهلية الممقوته التي أبطلها الإسلام، وعليهم أن يتقوا الله تعالى ويردوا الحقوق إلى أهلها عسى الله تعالى أن يغفر لأمهم ما صدر منها.
والله أعلم.
عدد القراء : 1109
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