A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 390
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 113
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 280
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 145
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 223
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 344
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 281
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 288
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 313
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 94
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 107
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 140
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1290
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 37
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 98
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MLessons is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessons is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | مصطلحات المذهب الحنفي
مصطلحات المذهب الحنفي
009 الدرس التاسع لمجموعات الفتوى
- ثانياً ـ المصطلحات الخاصة بالمذاهب:
- هناك مصطلحات مكررة في كل مذهب، دعا إليها إيثار الاختصار، وملل التكرار، وضرورة معرفة المعتمد الراجح من بين الأقوال وهي ما يلي:
مصطلحات المذهب الحنفي:
أ ـ ظاهر الرواية: يراد به في الغالب الشائع ـ كما عرفنا ـ القول الراجح لأئمة الحنفية الثلاثة (أبو حنيفة وأبو يوسف ومحمد).
ب ـ الإمام: هو أبو حنيفة، والشيخان: هما أبو حنيفة وأبو يوسف، والطرفان: هما أبو حنيفة ومحمد، والصاحبان: هما أبو يوسف ومحمد. والثاني: هو أبو يوسف. والثالث: هو محمد، ولفظ (له) أي لأبي حنيفة، ولفظ (لهما) أو (عندهما) أو (مذهبهما) أي مذهب الصاحبين، وإذا قالوا: أصحابنا، فالمشهور إطلاق ذلك على الأئمة الثلاثة: أبي حنيفة وصاحبيه، وأما المشايخ: فالمراد بهم في الاصطلاح: من لم يدرك الإمام.
جـ ـ يفتى قطعاً بما اتفق عليه أبو حنيفة وأصحابه في الروايات الظاهرة، فإن اختلفوا: فإنه يُفْتَى بقول الإمام أبي حنيفة على الإطلاق، وخصوصاً في العبادات، ولا يرجح قول صاحبيه أو أحدهما إلا لموجب:
وهو ـ كما قال ابن نجيم ـ إما ضعف دليل الإمام، وإما للضرورة والتعامل، كترجيح قولهما في المزارعة والمساقاة (المعاملة) وإما بسبب اختلاف العصر والزمان.
ويفتى بقول أبي يوسف في القضاء والشهادات والمواريث، لزيادة تجربته.
كما يفتى بقول محمد في جميع مسائل ذوي الأرحام، ويفتى بقول زفر في سبع عشرة مسألة([1] ) .
د ـ إذا لم يوجد رواية للإمام في المسألة: يفتى بقول أبي يوسف، ثم بقول محمد، ثم بقول زفر، والحسن بن زياد.
هـ ـ إذا كان في مسألة قياس واستحسان، فالعمل على الاستحسان إلا في مسائل معدودة مشهورة، هي اثنتان وعشرون مسألة([2] ) .
وإذا لم تذكر المسألة في ظاهر الرواية، وثبتت في رواية أخرى، تعين المصير إليها.
وإذا اختلفت الروايات عن الإمام، أو لم يوجد عنه ولا عن أصحابه رواية أصلاً، يؤخذ في الحالة الأولى بأقواها حجة، ويؤخذ في الحالة الثانية بما اتفق عليه المشايخ المتأخرون، فإن اختلفوا يؤخذ بقول الأكثرين، فإن لم يوجد منهم قول أصلاً، نظر المفتي في المسألة نظرة تأمل وتدبر واجتهاد، ليجد فيها ما يقرب من الخروج عن العهدة، ولا يتكلم فيها جزافاً، ويخشى الله تعالى ويراقبه، لأن الجرأة على الفتيا بدون دليل أمر عظيم لا يتجاسر عليه إلا كل جاهل شقي.
و ـ إذا تعارض التصحيح والفتوى، فقيل: الصحيح كذا، والمفتى به كذا، فالأولى العمل بما وافق المتون، فإن لم توجد موافقة لها، فيؤخذ بالمفتى به؛ لأن لفظ الفتوى آكد (أقوى) من لفظ الصحيح والأصح والأشبه وغيرها.
وإذا ورد في المسألة قولان مصححان جاز القضاء والإفتاء بأحدهما. ويرجح أحدهما بما هو أوفق للزمن أو العرف أو أنفع للوقف أو للفقراء، أو كان دليله أوضح وأظهر؛ لأن الترجيح بقوة الدليل.
ولفظ: (به يفتى) آكد من لفظ (الفتوى عليه)؛ لأن الأول يفيد الحصر.
ولفظ (الأصح) آكد من (الصحيح) و(الأحوط) آكد من (الاحتياط).
ز ـ المراد بكلمة (المتون): أي متون الحنفية المعتبرة، مثل كتاب مختصر القدوري، والبداية، والنقاية، والمختار، والوقاية، والكنز، والملتقى فإنها وضعت لنقل ظاهر الرواية والأقوال المعتمدة.
ح ـ لايجوز العمل بالضعيف من الرواية، ولو في حق نفسه، بدون فرق بين المفتي والقاضي، إلا أن المفتي مخبر عن الحكم الشرعي، والقاضي ملزم به.
وصح عن أبي حنيفة أنه قال: (إذا صح الحديث فهو مذهبي)، ونقل مثل ذلك غيره من أئمة المذاهب([3] ) . لكن يجوز الإفتاء بالقول الضعيف للضرورة تيسيراً على الناس.
ط ـ الحكم الملفق عند الحنفية باطل، كما أن الرجوع عن التقليد بعد العمل باطل، على ماهو المختار في المذهب، فمن صلى ظهراً بمسح الرأس مقلداً للحنفي، فليس له إبطال صلاته باعتقاده لزوم مسح كل الرأس مقلداً للمالكي.
وأجاز بعض الحنفية التقليد بعد العمل، كما إذا صلى ظاناً صحة صلاته على مذهبه، ثم تبين بطلانها في مذهبه، وصحتها على مذهب غيره فله تقليده، ويجتزئ بتلك الصلاة، على ماقال في الفتاوى البزازية: روي عن أبي يوسف أنه صلى الجمعة مغتسلاً من الحمام، ثم أخبر بفأرة ميتة في بئر الحمام، فقال: نأخذ بقول إخواننا من أهل المدينة: (إذا بلغ الماء قُلَّتين؛ 270 ليتراً أو 15 تنكة، لم يحمل خبثاً).
ي ـ أجاز بعض الحنفية: أن المقلد إذا قضى بمذهب غيره، أو برواية ضعيفة، أو بقول ضعيف، نفذ، وليس لغيره نقضه.
ك ـ تعتبر حاشية ابن عابدين (1252هـ) علامة الشام وهي (رَدُّ المحتار على الدُّر المختار) خاتمة التحقيقات والترجيحات في المذهب الحنفي.
عدد القراء : 4840
