A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/URI.php
Line Number: 101
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Router.php
Line Number: 127
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 78
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 390
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated
Filename: database/DB_driver.php
Line Number: 371
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 113
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 280
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 145
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 223
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 344
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 281
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 288
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 303
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 313
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 94
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 107
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: Warning
Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 140
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1290
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 5
Function: __construct
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 37
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 7
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 7
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 98
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 7
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 0
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 7
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MLessons is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 7
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 8
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 9
Function: model
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessons is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
Line: 75
Function: view
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | اختلاف معاني الألفاظ العربية
اختلاف معاني الألفاظ العربية
014 الدرس الرابع عشر 23 6 2019 لمجموعات الفتوى
وأهم أسباب اختلاف الفقهاء في استنباط الأحكام الشرعية من الأدلة الظنية هو ما يأتي([1] ) :
أولاً ـ اختلاف معاني الألفاظ العربية: إما بسبب كون اللفظ مجملاً، أو مشتركاً، أو متردداً بين العموم والخصوص، أو بين الحقيقة والمجاز، أو بين الحقيقة والعرف، أو بسبب إطلاق اللفظ تارة وتقييده تارة. أو بسبب اختلاف الإعراب، أو الاشتراك في الألفاظ إما في اللفظ المفرد: كلفظ القُرْء الذي يطلق على الأطهار وعلى الحيضات، ولفظ الأمر: هل يحمل على الوجوب أو على الندب، ولفظ النهي: هل يحمل على التحريم أو الكراهية؟
وإما في اللفظ المركب: مثل قوله تعالى بعد آية حد القذف: {إِلَيْهِ يَصْعَدُ الْكَلِمُ الطَّيِّبُ وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ} [فاطر: 35]، اختلف في الفاعل، هل هو الكلم، أو العمل.
وإما في الأحوال العارضة، نحو: {وَلَا يُضَارَّ كَاتِبٌ وَلَا شَهِيدٌ} [البقرة: 282]، فإنه يحتمل لفظ (يضار) وقوع الضرر منهما أو عليهما.
ومثال التردد بين العموم والخصوص: {لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ} [البقرة: 256]، هل هو خبر بمعنى النهي، أو هو خبر حقيقي؟.
والمجاز له أنواع: إما الحذف، وإما الزيادة، وإما التقديم وإما التأخير.
والتردد بين الإطلاق والتقييد: نحو إطلاق كلمة الرقبة في العتق في كفارة اليمين، وتقييدها بالإيمان في كفارة القتل الخطأ.
ثانياً - اختلاف الرواية: وله أسباب ثمانية، كأن يصل الحديث إلى أحدهم ولا يصل إلى غيره، أو يصل من طريق ضعيف لا يحتج به، ويصل إلى آخر من طريق صحيح، أو يصل من طريق واحد، ويرى أحدهم أن في بعض رواته ضعفاً لا يعتقده غيره، أو لا يراه مانعاً من قبول الرواية، وهذا مبني على الاختلاف في طريق التعديل والترجيح.
أو يصل إليهما من طريق متفق عليه، غير أن أحدهما يشترط في العمل به شروطاً لا يشترطها الآخر، كالحديث المرسل (وهو مارواه غير الصحابي بدون سند إلى الرسول).
ثالثاً ـ اختلاف المصادر: وهناك أدلة اختلفوا في مدى الاعتماد عليها، كالاستحسان، والمصالح المرسلة، وقول الصحابي، والاستصحاب، والذرائع ونحوها من دعوى البراءة أو الإباحة وعدمها.
رابعاً ـ اختلاف القواعد الأصولية أحياناً: كقاعدة العام المخصوص ليس بحجة، والمفهوم ليس بحجة، والزيادة على النص القرآني نسخ أم لا، ونحو ذلك.
خامساً ـ الاجتهاد بالقياس: هو أوسع الأسباب اختلافاً، فإن له أصلاً وشروطاً وعلة، وللعلة شروطاً ومسالك، وفي كل ذلك مجال للاختلاف، والاتفاق بالذات على أصل القياس وما يجري فيه الاجتهاد وما لا يجري أمر يكاد يكون غير متحقق.
كما أن تحقيق المناط (وهو التحقق من وجود العلة في الفرع) من أهم أسباب اختلاف الفقهاء.
سادساً ـ التعارض والترجيح بين الأدلة: وهو باب واسع اختلفت فيه الأنظار وكثر فيه الجدل. وهو يتناول دعوى التأويل والتعليل والجمع والتوفيق والنسخ وعدمه.
والتعارض إما بين النصوص أو بين الأقيسة مع بعضها، والتعارض في السنة قد يكون في الأقوال أو في الأفعال، أو في الإقرارات، وقد يكون الاختلاف بسبب وصف تصرف الرسول سياسة أو إفتاء، ويزال التعارض بأسباب من أهمها الاحتكام إلى مقاصد الشريعة، وإن اختلفت النظرة إلى ترتيب المقاصد.
([1]) يُنْظَر: بداية المجتهد، ابن رشد الحفيد، 1/5 وما بعدها، وحجة الله البالغة، الدهلوي، 1/115 وما بعدها، الإحكام في أصول الأحكام، ابن حزم، الباب الثالث والسادس، الباب الخامس والعشرون، والسادس والعشرون، والموافقات،الشاطبي، 4/211 - 214، وأسباب اختلاف الفقهاء، الشيخ علي الخفيف، ومقارنة المذاهب في الفقه للشيخ محمود شلتوت، والشيخ محمد علي السايس، مطبعة صبيح 1373، وما لا يجوز فيه الخلاف،الشيخ عبد الجليل عيسى، والإنصاف في التنبيه على الأسباب التي أوجبت الاختلاف بين المسلمين في آرائهم، ابن السيد البطليوسي.
عدد القراء : 1880