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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$security is deprecated
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$input is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MLessons is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | حكم الأضحية
حكم الأضحية
888 حكم الأضحية 8 4 1443 13 11 2021
الباب الثامن: الأضحية
مطلب: تعريف الأضحيّة.
مطلب: مشروعية الأضحية ودليلها.
مطلب: حكم الأضحية:
ذهب جمهور الفقهاء إلى أن الأضحية سنة مؤكدة.
واستدل جمهور الفقهاء على السنية بأدلة: منها قوله عليه الصلاة والسلام: "إِذَا دَخَل الْعَشْرُ، وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ فَلاَ يَمَسَّ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ وَلاَ مِنْ بَشَرِهِ شَيْئًا"( [1] ) .
وجه الدلالة في هذا الحديث أن الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "وَأَرَادَ أَحَدُكُمْ" فجعله مفوضاً إلى إرادته، ولو كانت التضحية واجبة لاقتصر على قوله: " فَلاَ يَمَسَّ مِنْ شَعْرِهِ وَلاَ مِنْ بَشَرِهِ شَيْئًا".
وذهب أبو حنيفة إلى أنها واجبة. وهذا المذهب هو المروي عن محمد وزفر وإحدى الروايتين عن أبي يوسف. واستدلوا على ذلك:
بقوله تعالى: {فَصَل لِرَبِّكَ وَانْحَرْ} [الكوثر: 2]، ومطلق الأمر للوجوب، ومتى وجب على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وجب على الأمة؛ لأنه قدوتها.
وبقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: "مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ سَعَةٌ وَلَمْ يُضَحِّ فَلاَ يَقْرَبَنَّ مُصَلاَّنَا"( [2] ) ، وهذا كالوعيد على ترك التضحية، والوعيد إنما يكون على ترك الواجب.
وبقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم: "مَنْ ذَبَحَ قَبْل الصَّلاَةِ فَلْيَذْبَحْ شَاةً مَكَانَهَا، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ ذَبَحَ فَلْيَذْبَحْ عَلَى اسْمِ اللَّهِ"( [3] ) ، فإنه أمر بذبح الأضحية وبإعادتها إذا ذُكِّيَت قبل الصلاة، وذلك دليل الوجوب( [4] ) .
ثم إن الحنفية القائلين بالوجوب يقولون: إنها واجبة عيناً على كل من وُجِدَتْ فيه شرائط الوجوب.
فالأضحية الواحدة كالشاة، وَسُبْعِ البقرة، وَسُبْعِ الْبَدَنَةِ، إنما تجزئ عن شخص واحد.
وأما القائلون بالسنية؛
فمنهم مَن يقول: إنها سنة عين، كالقول المروي عن أبي يوسف فعنده لا يُجْزِئُ الأضحية الواحدة عن الشخص وأهل بيته أو غيرهم.
ومنهم من يقول: إنها سنة عين ولو حكماً، بمعنى أن كل واحد مطالب بها، وإذا فعلها واحد بنية نفسه وحده لم تقع إلا عنه، وإذا فعلها بنية إشراك غيره في الثواب، أو بنية كونها لغيره أَسْقَطَتِ الطلب عمن أشركهم، أو أوقعها عنهم.
وهذا رأي المالكية( [5] ) ، وإيضاحه أن الشخص إذا ضحى ناوياً نفسه فحسب سقط الطلب عنه، وإذا ضحى ناوياً نفسه وأبويه الفقيرين وأولاده الصغار، وقعت التضحية عنهم، ويجوز له أن يشرك غيره في الثواب - قبل الذبح - ولو كانوا أكثر من سبعة بثلاث شرائط:
(الأولى): أن يسكن معه.
(الثانية): أن يكون قريباً له؛ وإن بعدت القرابة، أو زَوْجَةً.
(الثالثة): أن ينفق على من يُشْرِكُهُ وجوباً؛ كأبويه، وصغار ولده الفقراء، أو تبرعاً؛ كالأغنياء منهم، وكعم، وأخ، وخال.
ومن القائلين بالسنية من يجعلها سنة عين في حق المنفرد، وسنة كفاية في حق أهل البيت الواحد، وهذا رأي الشافعية والحنابلة.
فقد قالوا: إن الشخص يضحي بالأضحية الواحدة - ولو كانت شاة - عن نفسه وأهل بيته.
وللشافعية تفسيرات متعددة لأهل البيت الواحد (والراجح) تفسيران( [6] ) :
(أحدهما) أن المقصود بهم مَن تلزم الشخص نفقتهم، وهذا هو الذي رجحه الشمس الرملي في نهاية المحتاج.
(ثانيهما) مَن تجمعهم نفقة منفق واحد ولو تبرعاً، وهذا هو الذي صححه الشهاب الرملي بهامش شرح الروض.
ومما استدل به على كون التضحية سنة كفاية عن الرجل وأهل بيته حديث أبي أيوب الأنصاري رضي الله عنه قال: كنا نضحي بالشاة الواحدة يذبحها الرجل عنه وعن أهل بيته، ثم تباهى الناس بعدُ فصارت مباهاة( [7] ) . وهذه الصيغة التي قالها أبو أيوب رضي الله عنه تقتضي أنه حديث مرفوع.
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