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Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessons is deprecated
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Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | نية الإقامة ومدتها المعتبر
نية الإقامة ومدتها المعتبر
277 نية الإقامة ومدتها المعتبرة 17 7 1441 12 3 2020
الفصل الثاني: صلاة المريض والمسافر:
المبحث الثاني: صلاة المسافر
أنواع الوطن بالمفهوم الشرعي:
للوطن أنواع: وطن أصلي، ووطن إقامة، ووطن سكنى.
الوطن الأصلي، ما ينتقض به الوطن الأصليّ.
وطن الإقامة، ما ينتقض به وطن الإقامة.
وطن السكنى، ما ينتقض به وطن السكنى.
صيرورة المقيم مسافراً، وشرائطها.
تحديد أقل مسافة السفر بالأيام.
أحكام السفر بالوسائل الحديثة.
أحكام قصر الصلاة، ودليل مشروعية قصر الصلاة.
الحكم التّكليفيّ لقصر الصلاة.
شرائط قصر الصلاة.
المكان الذي يبدأ منه قصر الصلاة.
الصلوات التي تقصر، ومقدار القصر.
اقتداء المسافر بالمقيم، وعكسه.
قضاء فائتة السفر في الحضر وعكسه.
زوال حالة السفر.
وللإقامة شرائط هي:
الأولى: نية الإقامة ومدتها المعتبرة:
عند الحنفية([1] : نية الإقامة أمر لا بد منه، حتى لو دخل مصراً (بلداً) ومكث فيه شهراً أو أكثر لانتظار قافلة، أو لحاجة أخرى يقول: أخرج اليوم أو غداً، ولم ينو الإقامة، فإنه لا يصير مقيماً، وذلك لإجماع الصحابة رضي الله عنهم؛ فإنه روي عن سعد بن أبي وقاص رضي الله عنه أنه: أقام بقرية من قرى نيسابور شهرين، وكان يقصر الصلاة، وعن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما: أنه أقام بأذربيجان شهراً، وكان يقصر الصلاة.
أما مدة الإقامة المعتبرة: فأقلها خمسة عشرة يوماً؛ لما روي عن ابن عباس وابن عمر رضي الله عنهم أنهما قالا: إذا دخلت بلدة وأنت مسافر، وفي عزمك أن تقيم بها خمسة عشر يوماً فأكمل الصلاة، وإن كنت لا تدري متى تظعن فاقصر. قال الكاساني: وهذا باب لا يوصل إليه بالاجتهاد؛ لأنه من جملة المقادير، ولا يظن بهما التكلم جزافاً، فالظاهر أنهما قالاه سماعاً من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم.
وعند المالكية([2] : لا بد من النية، وأقل مدة الإقامة أربعة أيام صحاح مع وجوب عشرين صلاة في مدة الإقامة، ولا يحتسب من الأيام يوم الدخول إن دخل بعد طلوع الفجر، ولا يوم الخروج إن خرج في أثنائه، ولا بد من اجتماع الأمرين: الأربعة الأيام، والعشرين صلاة.
وعند الشافعية([3] : لو نوى المسافر إقامة أربعة أيام تامة بلياليها، أو نوى الإقامة بموضع، وأطلق دون تحديد عدد الأيام؛ انقطع سفره بوصوله ذلك الموضع؛ سواء أكان مقصدَه أم في طريقه.
ولو أقام أربعة أيام بلا نية؛ انقطع سفره بتمامها؛ لأن الله تعالى أباح القصر بشرط الضرب في الأرض، والمقيم والعازم على الإقامة غير ضارب في الأرض. والسنة بينت أن ما دون الأربع لا يقطع السفر، ففي الصحيحين([4] : "يُقِيمُ الْمُهَاجِرُ بَعْدَ قَضَاءِ نُسُكِهِ ثَلاَثًا"، فالترخص في الثلاث يدل على بقاء حكم السفر؛ بخلاف الأربعة، وألحق بإقامة الأربعة: نية إقامتها.
ولا يحسب من الأربعة (يوما، يوم الدخول ويوم الخروج) دخوله وخروجه إذا دخل نهاراً على الصحيح، فإن دخل ليلاً لم تحسب بقية الليلة ويحسب الغد.
ولو أقام ببلد بنية أن يرحل إذا حصلت حاجة يتوقعها كل وقت، أو حبسه الريح بموضع في البحر قصر ثمانية عشر يوماً غير يومي الدخول والخروج؛ لأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أقامها بمكة عام الفتح لحرب هوازن يقصر الصلاة([5] .
ولو علم المسافر بقاء حاجته مدة طويلة فلا قصر له على المذهب؛ لأنه ساكن مطمئن بعيد عن هيئة المسافرين.
وعند الحنابلة([6] : لو نوى إقامة أكثر من عشرين صلاة أتم.
ولو نوى المسافر إقامة مطلقة؛ بأن لم يحدها بزمن معين في بلدة أتم؛ لزوال السفر المبيح للقصر بنية الإقامة، ولو شك في نيته، هل نوى إقامة ما يمنع القصر أو لا؟ أتم؛ لأنه الأصل.
وإن أقام المسافر لقضاء حاجة يرجو نجاحها بلا نية إقامة تقطع حكم السفر، ولا يعلم قضاء الحاجة قبل المدة ولو ظناً؛ قصر أبداً؛ لأن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أَقَامَ بِتَبُوكَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا يَقْصُرُ الصَّلاَةَ([7] .
فإن علم أو ظن أنها لا تنقضي في أربعة أيام لزمه الإتمام، كما لو نوى إقامة أكثر من أربعة أيام.
وإن نوى إقامة بشرط، كأن يقول: إن لقيت فلاناً في هذا البلد أقمت فيه، وإلا فلا، فإن لم يلقه في البلد فله حكم السفر؛ لعدم الشرط الذي علق الإقامة عليه؛ وإن لقيه به صار مقيماً؛ لاستصحابه حكم نية الإقامة إن لم يكن فسخ نيته الأولى للإقامة قبل لقائه أو حال لقائه، وإن فسخ النية بعد لقائه فهو كمسافر نوى الإقامة، فليس له أن يقصر في موضع إقامته؛ لأنه محل ثبت له فيه حكم الإقامة، فأشبه وطنه.
عدد القراء : 1049
