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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$hooks is deprecated
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A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$utf8 is deprecated
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Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: core/Controller.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Controller.php
Line Number: 75
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$lang is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$load is deprecated
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: database/DB_driver.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice
Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 314
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 315
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 316
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent
Filename: Session/Session.php
Line Number: 140
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 1290
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 37
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $num declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
Line Number: 98
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Optional parameter $offset declared before required parameter $category_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter
Filename: models/MLessons.php
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MLessons is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
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File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property Lessons::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 353
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessons is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MLessonsCategories is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
A PHP Error was encountered
Severity: 8192
Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$MSettings is deprecated
Filename: core/Loader.php
Line Number: 925
Backtrace:
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/application/controllers/Lessons.php
File: /home/alzatari/public_html/index.php
موقع الدكتور الشيخ علاء الدين الزعتري | السفر من عوارض الإفطار يوجب القضاء
السفر من عوارض الإفطار يوجب القضاء
718 السفر من عوارض الإفطار يوجب القضاء 15 10 1442 27 5 2021
الباب الخامس:
كتاب الصيام
تعريف الصوم.
الحكم التكليفي.
فضل الصيام.
أنواع الصيام.
ثبوت الأهلة.
ركن الصوم.
شروط الصوم.
سنن الصوم ومستحباته.
أعمال الصائم.
مفسدات الصوم:
ما يفسد الصوم، ويوجب القضاء:
أولاً: تناول ما لا يؤكل عادة.
ثانياً: قضاء الوطر أو الشهوة على وجه القصور.
ثالثاً: عوارض الإفطار:
المراد بالعوارض: ما يبيح عدم الصوم.
وهي: المرض، والسفر، والحمل، والرضاع، والهرم، وإرهاق الجوع والعطش، والإكراه([1] ) .
أولاً: المرض:
ثانياً: السفر:
يشترط في السفر المرخِّص في الفطر ما يلي([2] ) :
أ - أن يكون السفر طويلاً مما تُقْصَر فيه الصلاة.
ب - ألا يعزم المسافر الإقامة خلال سفره مدة أربعة أيام بلياليها عند المالكية والشافعية، وأكثر من أربعة أيام عند الحنابلة، وهي نصف شهر أو خمسة عشر يوماً عند الحنفية.
وذهب عامة الصحابة والفقهاء، إلى أن مَن أدرك هلال شهر رمضان وهو مقيم، ثم سافر: جاز له الفطر؛ لأن الله تعالى جعلَ مطلقَ السفر سببَ الرخصة.
بقوله: {وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ} [البقرة: 185].
ولما ثبت من أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خرج في غزوة الفتح في رمضان مسافراً، وأفطر([3] ) .
وفي وقت جواز الفطر للمسافر ثلاث أحوال:
الأولى: أن يبدأ السفر قبل الفجر، أو يطلع الفجر وهو مسافر، وينوي الفطر، فيجوز له الفطر إجماعاً؛ لأنه متصف بالسفر، عند وجود سبب الوجوب.
الثانية: أن يبدأ السفر بعد الفجر؛ بأن يطلع الفجر وهو مقيم ببلده، ثم يسافر بعد طلوع الفجر، أو خلال النهار: فإنه لا يحل له الفطر بإنشاء السفر بعدما أصبح صائماً، ويجب عليه إتمام ذلك اليوم، وهذا مذهب الحنفية والمالكية، وهو الصحيح من مذهب الشافعية، ورواية عن أحمد؛ وذلك تغليباً لحكم الحضر([4] ) .
والصحيح عند الشافعية أنه يحرم عليه الفطر؛ حتى لو أفطر بالجماع لزمته الكفارة([5] ) .
والمذهب عند الحنابلة: أن مَن نوى الصوم في الحضر، ثم سافر في أثناء اليوم، طوعاً أو كرهاً: فله الفطر بعد خروجه ومفارقته بيوت قريته العامرة، وخروجه من بين بنيانها.
واستدلوا بما يلي:
ظاهر قوله تعالى: {وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ} [البقرة: 185].
وحديث جابر رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم خرج إلى مكة عام الفتح، فصام، حتى بلغ كُرَاعَ الْغَمِيمِ، وصام الناس معه، فقيل له: إن الناس قد شق عليهم الصيام، وإن الناس ينظرون فيما فعلت، فدعا بِقَدَحٍ من ماء بعد العصر، فشرب - والناس ينظرون إليه - فأفطر بعضهم، وصام بعضهم، فبلغه أن ناساً صاموا، فقال: "أُولَئِكَ الْعُصَاةُ"([6] ) .
وحديث ابنِ عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: خرج رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عام الفتح إلى مكة، في شهر رمضان، فصام حتى مر بغدير في الطريق، وذلك في نحر الظهيرة. قال: فعطش الناس، جعلوا يمدون أعناقهم، وتتوق أنفسهم إليه. قال: فدعا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بِقَدَحٍ فِيهِ مَاءٌ، فأمسكه على يده، حتى رآه الناس، ثم شرب، فشرب الناس([7] ) .
وقالوا: إنّ السّفر مبيح للفطر، فإباحته في أثناء النّهار، كالمرض الطّارئ؛ ولو كان السفر بفعله، والمرض بغير إرادته.
وقال الّذين أباحوه من الشّافعيّة: إنّه تغليب لحكم السّفر([8] ) .
وقد نصّ الحنابلة، المؤيّدون لهذا الرّأي على أنّ الأفضل لمن سافر في أثناء يومٍ نوى صومه إتمامُ صوم ذلك اليوم، خروجاً من خلاف مَن لم يبح له الفطر، وهو قول أكثر العلماء؛ وذلك تغليباً لحكم الحضر، كالصّلاة([9] ) .
الثّالثة: أن يفطر قبل مغادرة بلده. وقد منع من ذلك جمهور الفقهاء، وقالوا: إنّ رخصة السّفر لا تتحقّق بدونه، كما لا تبقى بدونه، ولمّا يتحقّق السّفر بعد، بل هو مقيم وشاهد، وقد قال تعالى: {فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ} [البقرة: 158]، ولا يوصف الإنسان بكونه مسافراً حتّى يخرج من البلد، ومهما كان في البلد فله أحكام الحاضرين، ولذلك لا يقصر الصّلاة.
ويتّصل بهذه المسائل في إفطار المسافر: ما لو نوى في سفره الصّوم ليلاً، وأصبح صائماً، من غير أن ينقض عزيمته قبل الفجر، فهذا لا يحلّ فطره في ذلك اليوم عند الحنفيّة والمالكيّة، وهو وجه عند الشّافعيّة، ولو أفطر لا كفّارة عليه؛ وذلك للشّبهة.
صحة الصوم في السفر:
ذهب الأئمة الأربعة، وجماهير الصحابة والتابعين إلى أن الصوم في السفر جائز، صحيح، منعقد، وإذا صام وقع صيامه وأجزأه.
عدد القراء : 1013
